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🧬 HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 🧬
Life Sciences
GRADE 12
A Comprehensive Guide to the Study of Life
2025
🔬 🌱 🧪
Authors
Meet the Authors
NICOLE Photo
PROF. NICOLE FRISLEY
222083250
Contact Details: 0826190102/frisleynicole@gmail.com
NTOKOZO Photo
PROF. NTOKOZO MHLONGO
222036310
Contact Details: 0834598296/gmhlongo@gmail.com
About This Ebook🔈🔉🔊

This interactive Life Sciences ebook is designed for Grade 10 learners, focusing on the Human Circulatory System. It provides clear explanations, engaging visuals, and interactive elements to help students understand key concepts in biology. Explore chapters on blood flow, cardiac cycle, blood vessels, and more, with practical study tips and activities throughout.

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Table of Contents
🧬 Circulatory System Index
Chapter Navigation
1. THE HUMAN CURCULATORY SYSTEM p. 1
2. PULMONARY CIRCULATION p. 2
3. THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION p. 3
4. THE HEART p. 4
5. EXTERNAL STRUCTURE p. 5
6. INTERNAL STRUCTURE p. 6
7. CARDIAC CYCLE p. 7
8. CARDIAC CYCLE CONTINUE p. 8
9. TERMINOLOGY p. 9
10. CONCLUSION p. 10
11. FORMATIVE/SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT p. 11
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THE HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Introduction

The circulatory system is your body’s transport network. It moves oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products to and from cells. Without it, your cells would quickly run out of energy, and your body would stop functioning. It has three main parts:
  • The heart
  • Blood vessels
  • Blood

The circulatory system is divided into pulmonary circulation (to and from the lungs) and systemic circulation (to and from the rest of the body).
CLICK ON THE HEART ICONS ON THE IMAGE BELOW, TO FAMILIARISE YOURSELF WITH PARTS OF THE HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM:

1
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
How does blood flow between the heart and lungs during pulmonary circulation?
Pulmonary circulation carries blood between your heart and lungs.
  • Deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle via the pulmonary arteries.
  • It travels to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen.
  • Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins.


This process ensures that oxygen is added to the blood before it is pumped to the rest of the body.

2
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
LEARNING OUTCOMES

Describe how blood circulates between the heart and the rest of the body.


Systemic circulation delivers oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the entire body.

  1. Blood leaves through the aorta.
  2. Arteries branch into capillaries, where oxygen is delivered to tissues and carbon dioxide is collected.
  3. Deoxygenated blood returns via veins to the right atrium.

This cycle is continuous, keeping every cell supplied with nutrients and oxygen.

INTERACTIVE VIDE0
🩸Watch the video below🩸
3
THE HEART
LEARNING OUTCOMES

Identify the heart’s role as a pump and recognise its position in the body.


Content

The heart is a hollow muscular organ about the size of your fist. It sits in the thoracic cavity between the lungs.

It is made up of four chambers:

  1. Two atria (upper chambers)
  2. Two ventricles (lower chambers)

The heart contracts rhythmically, pumping blood through pulmonary and systemic circuits.

YOU GUYS STILL LOCKED IN?
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4
EXTERNAL STRUCTURE
LEARNING OUTCOMES

Label and describe the external parts of the heart.

Content

From the outside, you can see:
  • Aorta – the largest artery.
  • Pulmonary arteries – carry blood to lungs.
  • Pulmonary veins – carry blood from lungs.
  • Superior and inferior vena cava – bring blood back from the body.

🔍Label the Diagram
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
LEARNING OUTCOMES

Describe and identify the internal features of the heart.

Content
Inside the heart:
  • Septum – wall dividing left and right sides.
  • Valves – control one-way flow (tricuspid, bicuspid/mitral, pulmonary, aortic).
  • Chordae tendineae – “heart strings” supporting valves.
🎭Matching Game
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CARDIAC CYCLE
LEARNING OUTCOMES

Explain the sequence of events in one heartbeat.

Content

The cardiac cycle moves blood through the heart.
The heart distributes blood to all parts of the body through two sets of muscular actions, called contractions.
The cardiac cycle involves:

  • systole – contraction of the heart muscle
  • diastole – relaxation of the heart muscle.

The heart beats twice:

  • Atrial systole forces blood through the heart into the ventricles
  • Ventricle systole forces blood out of the heart.
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CARDIAC CYCLE CONTINUE
MOVE HEART AROUND TO SEE HOW IT WORKS

[Animation] Human Heart by Michel Paschalis on Sketchfab

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8
TERMINOLOGY
TERMS USED IN EBOOK

CONCLUSION AND REFERENCE LIST
PRESS PLAY TO LISTEN TO YOUR CONCLUSIVE PODCAST
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CONCLUSION AND REFERENCE LIST
PRESS PLAY TO LISTEN TO YOUR CONCLUSIVE PODCAST
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
COMPLETE YOUR FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT BY CLICKING THE BUTTON BELOW:
Play the Kahoot Quiz
COMPLETE YOUR SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT BELOW:
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SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
COMPLETE YOUR FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT BY CLICKING THE BUTTON BELOW:
Play the Kahoot Quiz
COMPLETE YOUR SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT BELOW:
END OF THE ROAD!!!
WELL DONE ON GETTING TO THE END!!!
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